Which of the following biased questions would likely lead to Measurement Error?

The question about confidence in the security of information provided online, especially in the context of hacking, is likely to lead to measurement error due to its biased framing. This phrasing introduces a negative premise that implies fear or insecurity regarding online safety, which may influence respondents to answer based on their emotions rather than their actual experiences or beliefs about security.

By starting with "Since hacking is so common," the question assumes a level of agreement about the prevalence of hacking, which can skew the responses. This kind of leading question can cause respondents to provide answers that reflect their assumed attitudes towards security rather than their true feelings or actual behaviors. Such bias can result in data that does not accurately represent the true sentiments or actions of the respondents, ultimately affecting the reliability of the measurement results.

In contrast, the other questions are posed in a more neutral manner. They solicit information without necessarily swaying the respondent in a particular emotional direction or leading them towards a predetermined answer, which minimizes the risk of measurement error.