If a manager interprets an applicant's responses in a summary without noting the actual responses, what type of sampling bias does this represent?

When a manager interprets an applicant's responses in a summary without including the actual responses, it can lead to an inaccurate representation of the data. This situation illustrates an Error of Observation. This type of bias occurs when the way data is recorded or interpreted leads to misrepresentation of the information provided. By only providing a summary without the context of the original responses, important nuances and details may be lost, which can skew the analysis and decision-making process.

This kind of oversight can cause decisions to be based on incomplete or distorted information, ultimately impacting the fairness and accuracy of the assessment process. A thorough and faithful representation of all responses is crucial for sound analysis and effective decision-making, which highlights the importance of avoiding such an error in observation.